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In Tibetan Buddhism, specifically in the literature and practice of Dzogchen, the seventeen tantras of the esoteric instruction cycle () are a collection of tantras belonging to the textual division known as the "esoteric instruction cycle" (also known variously as: Nyingtik, Upadesha or Menngagde). ==History and tradition== The seventeen tantras, though not traditionally classified as a treasure (), nonetheless share in the treasure tradition. They are associated with sacred literature first transmitted in the human realm by the quasi-historical Garab Dorje (Fl. 55 CE) and passed according to tradition along with other tantras through various lineages of transmission by way of important Dzogchen figures such as Mañjuśrīmitra, Shri Singha, Padmasambhava, Jnanasutra and Vimalamitra. Kunsang (2006) holds that Shri Singha brought the Secret Mantra teachings from beneath the Vajra Throne ()〔Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator)(2006). ''Wellsprings of the Great Perfection.'' Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Publications. Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010) p.445〕 of Bodhgaya to the 'Tree of Enlightenment in China' (),〔Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator)(2006). ''Wellsprings of the Great Perfection.'' Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Publications. Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010) p.444〕 where he concealed them in a pillar of the 'Auspicious Ten Thousand Gates Temple' (〔Kunsang, Erik Pema (translator)(2006). ''Wellsprings of the Great Perfection.'' Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Publications. Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010) p.427〕).〔Vimalamitra's ''Great History of the Heart Essence'', translated in Erik Pema Kunsang (translator) : ''Wellsprings of the Great Perfection''. Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Hong Kong, 2006. pp. 136-137〕 Shri Singha conferred the Eighteen Dzogchen Tantras (Tibetan: ''rdzogs chen rgyud bco brgyad'')〔Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010)〕 upon Padmasambhava.〔Erik Pema Kunsang (translator) : ''Wellsprings of the Great Perfection''. Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Hong Kong, 2006. p. 158〕 The eighteen are ''The Penetrating Sound Tantra'' (Tibetan: ''sgra thal ‘gyur''),〔Dra ''Talgyur Root Tantra'' Source: () (December 13, 2007)〕 to which was appended the ''Seventeen Tantras of Innermost Luminosity'' (Tibetan: yang gsang 'od gsal gyi rgyud bcu bdun).〔Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010)〕 It should be mentioned here that the Dharma Fellowship (2009) drawing on the work of Lalou (1890–1967) holds the 'Five Peaked Mountain' of "the Land of Cina" (where Cina isn't China but a term for the textile cashmere) the Five Peaked Mountain which Kunsang and others have attributed to Mount Wutai in China is instead a mountain near the Kinnaur Valley associated with the historical Suvarnadwipa (Sanskrit) nation also known as 'Zhang-zhung' in the Zhang-zhung language and the Tibetan language.〔Dharma Fellowship (2009). ''Biographies: Sri Simha, the Lion of Dzogchen''. Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010)〕 The Seventeen Tantras are amongst the texts known as the 'Supreme Secret Cycle' the Fourth Cycle〔Variations of the name of the fourth section include the Secret Heart Essence (gsang ba snying thig), the Most Secret Unexcelled Nyingtig (yang gsang bla na med pa snying tig), the Innermost Unexcelled Cycle of Nyingtig (yang gsang bla na med pa'i snying thig skor), the Most Secret and Unexcelled Great Perfection (yang gsang bla na med pa rdzogs pa chen po), the Most Secret Heart Essence (yang gsang snying thig), and the Most Secret Unsurpassable Cycle (yang gsang bla na med pa'i sde).〕 and the most sacred tantras in the Nyingma Dzogchen tradition and the Dharma Fellowship (2009) provide a different historical location than Mount Wutai China for the location of concealment which is identified as near the Kinnaur Valley within the Kinnaur District: It is explained that Sri Simha divided the Pith Instruction into four sub-sections, and these are known as the Exoteric Cycle, the Esoteric Cycle, the Secret Cycle, and the Supreme Secret Cycle. Before his own death he deposited copies of the first three cycles in a rock cut crypt beneath the Bodhivriksha Temple of Sugnam (Sokyam) in the land of Cina. The texts of the Supreme Secret Cycle, however, he hid separately within the pillar of the "Gate of a Myriad Blessings".〔Dharma Fellowship (2009). ''Biographies: Sri Simha, the Lion of Dzogchen''. Source: () (accessed: Sunday April 11, 2010)〕 It is with Vimalamitra (fl. 8th century) that this collection of 'Seventeen Tantras, which are but a portion of Garab's revelation may have first been given their specific enumeration and nomenclature as it was Vimalamitra's disciple, Nyangban Tingzin Zangpo, who concealed the Seventeen Tantra subsequent to Vimalamitra's journey to China, particularly Mount Wutai, for later discovery by Neten Dangma Lhungyal in the Eleventh Century that they enter history in their current evocation, as Gyatso (1998: pp. 153–154) relates thus: "By the eleventh century, both Bonpos and Buddhists were presenting texts they claimed to have unearthed from the place where those texts had been hidden in the past. Among the earliest Buddhist materials so characterized were the esoteric Nyingtig, or "Heart Sphere", teachings, including the seventeen Atiyoga tantras, which were associated with Vimalamitra, an Indian Great Perfection master invited to Tibet, according to some accounts, by Trisong Detsen in the eighth century. Vimalamitra's Tibetan student, Nyangban Tingzin Zangpo, was said to have concealed these teachings after the master went to China. The discoverer was Neten Dangma Lhungyal (eleventh century), who proceeded to transmit these teachings to Chetsun Senge Wangchuk, one of the first accomplished Tibetan Buddhist yogins, and to others. The Nyingtig materials were at the heart of the Great Perfection Buddhism and had considerable influence upon Jigme Lingpa, who labelled his own Treasure with the same term."〔Gyatso, Janet (1998). ''Apparitions of the Self: The Secret Autobiographies of a Tibetan Visionary; a Translation and Study of Jigme Lingpa's 'Dancing Moon in the Water' and 'Ḍākki's Grand Secret-Talk'' The Vima Nyingtik itself consists of 'tantras' (rgyud), 'agamas' (lung), and 'upadeshas' (man ngag), and the tantras in this context are the Seventeen Tantras.〔Rigpa Shedra (August, 2009). 'Vima Nyingtik'. Source: () (accessed: Saturday October 17, 2009)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「seventeen tantras」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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